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Genetics PTE point the way =: A study at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, is pointing the way to a possible new treatment for people with insulin- dependent diabetes. Advances in the study of the genetics of diabetes have led to a greater understanding of the potential to reactivate the production of insulin by pancreatic beta cells. Using pancreatic stem cells from a type 1 diabetes donor, the researchers were able to effectively reactivate the beta cells in a person with type 1 diabetes, and the cells began to create insulin again. The research requires further work, but if it continues to show success, this new approach would allow insulin-producing cells that have been destroyed in someone with diabetes to be replaced with newborn insulin producing cells. Sugar not so sweet À study in mice points to a new problem with sugar. Dietary sugar alters the gut biome (the bacterial population in the digestive system), and these changes trigger à chain of events that leads to metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and weight gain. The typical western diet is high in both fat and sugar, which is associated with à number of unhealthy conditions. After four weeks on this type of diet, mice showed characteristics of metabolic syndrome, including weight gain, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance. Perhaps the most telling change was the dramatic alteration in their microbiome, with a sharp drop in the cells that keep the gut healthy and protect the body from absorbing harmful lipids (‘bad fats”). Eliminating sugar from their diets helped some, but not all, ofthe mice. This suggests that if their research proves true in humans as well, minimizing sugar in the diet may only work in people who have certain bacterial populations within their digestive biome. The researchers speculate that in some cases, adding certain probiotics might be helpful as well. Metformin & vitamin B,, Researchers have been observing people with © type 2 diabetes in a Diabetes, obesity & ADHD Maternal obesity is a risk factor for having a child who develops attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Obese women with gestational number of countries è À : who are being treated type 7 diabetes who gain an excessive amount of with metformin, RATS weight during pregnancy are even more likely to a medication that can have children who develop ADHD. However, the regulate high blood researchers did not observe a higher risk of ADHD in children of obese women whose weight gain during pregnancy was within the normal range. This would seem to indicate the importance of careful attention to weight gain during pregnancy. _ _ glucose levels, which helps prevent blindness, kidney disease, nerve damage, amputations, and problems with sexual functioning. Along with these important benefits, metformin has also been associated with vitamin B,, deficiency in many people. The researchers concluded that it is important for people taking metformin to have their vitamin B,, levels checked regularly.